Art & Art History: Architecture: Early

Cathedral in Canterbury, Kent, England. The finest work of four centuries of medieval English architecture, from Norman to Perpendicular, is represented in the building.

Originally a Christian church at Constantinople (now Istanbul), later a mosque, and now converted into a museum.

Former royal residence near Richmond, England, 24 km/15 mi west of central London. Hampton Court is one of the greatest historical monuments in the UK.

Cathedral in the city of Hereford, Herefordshire, England. Founded not later than 680 by its first bishop, Putta, it was destroyed in 1055 by the Welsh, and rebuilt late in the 11th century.

Cathedral in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England. With the exception of its crowning tower and spire, it is a building of uniform Early English design, built to one plan between 1220 and 1258 (unlike any other English cathedral except Exeter).

Private chapel of the popes in Rome, one of the principal glories of the Vatican. Built (1473) under Pope Sixtus IV, it is famous for its decorations.

It is considered one of the most beautiful buildings in the world and the finest example of the late style of Indian Islamic architecture.

A palace-fortress started by William I as a wooden fortification in 1067 and replaced by him with one in stone (c.1077–97).

A Gothic church in London: site of a Benedictine monastery (1050-65); scene of the coronations of almost all English monarchs since William I.

British royal residence in Windsor, founded by William the Conqueror on the site of an earlier fortress.

Cathedral in York, England. It is the cathedral and metropolitan church of St Peter, and one of the most famous of Europe's Gothic buildings.

Constructed during the reign of the emperor Hadrian between 118 and 125 ce in the Campus Martius district of ancient Rome, the imposing Pantheon still dominates its surroundings today.

The Cathedral of Chartres, dedicated to the Virgin Mary (Notre Dame) and situated approximately 80 kilometers from Paris, is one of the finest examples of Gothic architecture in France and a popular place of pilgrimage due to the presence of the Sancta Camisa, a tunic said to have belonged to the Virgin Mary and given to the church in 876.

Alberti seems to have turned to architecture in the 1440s. His treatise De Re Aedificatoria (On Architecture) was substantially complete in 1452.

Italian sculptor and architect, b. Naples. He was the dominant figure of the Italian baroque.

Borromini broke with the past by a combination of fearless invention and respect for geometrical form and structural principles: it is precisely these characteristics that his work shares with the Gothic buildings it sometimes seems to imitate.

Italian Renaissance architect and painter, b. near Urbino. His buildings in Rome are considered the most characteristic examples of High Renaissance style.

The Florentine artist Filippo Brunelleschi was architect, engineer, and sculptor.

American architect whose major works include the Massachusetts State House in Boston (1798) and the completion of the U.S. Capitol (1830).

English architect. Hawksmoor spent much of his career as an assistant to his two most illustrious contemporaries, Sir Christopher Wren and Sir John Vanbrugh.

In many ways the French architect François Mansart followed the French classical style created by Salomon de Brosse (1571 - 1626).

Balthasar Neumann was one of the two leading German architects of the 18th century, the other being J.M. Fischer.

Italian architect who revived and developed classical architecture, especially the ancient Roman ideals of symmetrical planning and harmonic proportions.

Italian art historian, architect, and painter. His most important architectural work was the Uffizi Palace, Florence (now an art gallery).

Sir Christopher Wren was England's greatest Baroque architect. As an architect of European stature, Wren exerted an enormous influence over late-17th- and early-18th-century British architecture.